SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Estimated Market Price

$149.99 – $164.99

Based on verified supplier pricing for research-grade compounds

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin. Studied for electron transport chain efficiency, ROS modulation, and bioenergetics.

How it works

Homes in on the inner mitochondrial membrane and stabilizes its structure, reducing the oxidative damage that makes mitochondria less efficient with age. Restores energy production at the cellular level.

Recovery & Longevity

What to Expect

Days 1–3 Cardiolipin binding initiating; mitochondrial uptake begins. Most people notice nothing specific yet.

Week 1–2 ROS production declining; cellular energy output improving. Slightly more energy; less fatigue during exercise.

Week 3–4 Cristae stabilization measurable; exercise tolerance increasing. Can push harder in workouts; stamina improving.

Week 5–8 Peak mitochondrial protection; reduced oxidative stress markers. Overall energy and endurance noticeably better.

Verified Suppliers

For research purposes only. These suppliers have been independently verified by PepSpace. We do not process sales directly.

PepSpace is not affiliated with any listed supplier

LarnaLabs Verified Supplier · larnalabs.com

NXPeptides Verified Supplier · nxpeptides.com

BioSynth Verified Custom Batch Supplier · biosynth.com

Peptide Sciences Unavailable · peptidesciences.com

Protocol & Dosage

Typical Dosage 0.1–1 mg/kg SC daily

Administration Subcutaneous injection, Intravenous

Schedule Once daily, AM preferred

Protocol Duration 4–8 weeks

Half-Life ~4 hours

Side Effects & Safety

Tolerability Profile Mild

Generally well tolerated; side effects are mild and transient

Common Side Effects

Injection site reactionmost users
Mild fatiguesome users

Less Common

Headacheoccasional
Mild GI discomfortoccasional
Dizzinessoccasional
Temporary muscle sorenessoccasional

Discontinue If

Severe muscle weakness or pain (rhabdomyolysis risk)
Chest pain or breathing difficulty
Persistent dark-colored urine (myoglobinuria)

Contraindications

Severe mitochondrial myopathy (unmonitored)
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Known hypersensitivity to elamipretide

Data note: Phase III trials in Barth syndrome and heart failure. Generally well tolerated in clinical populations.

Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before use. This information is for research reference only and does not constitute medical advice.

Ask about SS-31 (Elamipretide)

How to Apply

Gather

Peptide vial, BAC water, alcohol swabs, insulin syringe

Sanitize

Wipe tops of both vials with alcohol swabs

Draw

Pull 1–2 mL of BAC water into syringe

Add Water

Release water slowly along vial wall, not directly on powder

Swirl

Roll between palms until dissolved. Never shake.

Store

Refrigerate 2–8°C, use within 30 days

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. Bacteriostatic water (BAC water) is required to reconstitute lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptides. It contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol which prevents bacterial growth, keeping your reconstituted peptide safe for multiple uses over up to 30 days.

Unreconstituted: store at -20°C (freezer) for long-term, or 2–8°C (fridge) for short-term. After reconstitution: always refrigerate at 2–8°C and use within 30 days. Keep away from direct sunlight.

Results vary by individual and protocol. In research settings, measurable effects are typically observed within 1–4 weeks depending on the specific peptide, dosage, and application. Consult a qualified professional for guidance.

Verified suppliers typically include a full third-party COA verifying purity (99%+), identity, and sterility. We recommend only sourcing from vendors that provide batch-specific testing data.

We list verified suppliers above that have been independently reviewed for product quality, testing transparency, and shipping reliability. Always verify COA data before sourcing.

Compound Profile

Scientific data & classification for SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Also Known As Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia, SS-31

Classification Tetrapeptide · Mitochondrial Protectant

Sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ (Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine)

Molecular Formula C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅

Molecular Weight 640.77 Da

CAS Number 736992-21-5

Half-Life ~4 hours

Origin Synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide

Administration Subcutaneous injection, Intravenous

Status Phase III clinical trials - Barth syndrome, mitochondrial diseases

Mechanism of Action Homes in on the inner mitochondrial membrane and stabilizes its structure, reducing the oxidative damage that makes mitochondria less efficient with age. Restores energy production at the cellular level.

Research Overview Elamipretide (SS-31) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide developed by Dr. Hazel Szeto at Weill Cornell Medical College, representing one of the most advanced examples of organelle-targeted pharmacology. The compound consists of four amino acids - D-arginine, 2,6-dimethyltyrosine, lysine, and phenylalanine - arranged in an alternating aromatic-cationic motif that drives its remarkable ability to concentrate within the inner mitochondrial membrane at concentrations exceeding 1,000-fold above extracellular levels within minutes of cellular exposure. This mitochondrial targeting does not rely on the mitochondrial membrane potential (unlike triphenylphosphonium-based targeting strategies) but instead exploits selective binding to cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid found exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it plays essential structural and functional roles in cristae organization and electron transport chain supercomplexes. By stabilizing cardiolipin-protein interactions, SS-31 optimizes electron transfer between respiratory chain complexes, reduces electron leak that generates reactive oxygen species, and maintains the structural integrity of cristae - the folded inner membrane surfaces where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The compound has demonstrated profound protective effects in preclinical models of heart failure, acute kidney injury, neurodegeneration, and skeletal muscle aging. In the TAZPOWER Phase II clinical trial for Barth syndrome - a rare mitochondrial cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the tafazzin gene that impairs cardiolipin remodeling - elamipretide showed improvements in the primary endpoint of six-minute walk test distance, though the results did not reach statistical significance in the small study population. Additional Phase III trials are investigating its potential in age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and primary mitochondrial myopathy, making it one of the most clinically advanced mitochondria-targeted therapeutics.

Citations

Published findings on SS-31 (Elamipretide) from peer-reviewed journals.

Mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 prevents mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis

Zhao K, et al. • 2004 PubMed

Elamipretide in patients with Barth syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (TAZPOWER)

Thompson WR, et al. • 2021 PubMed

Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane

Szeto HH • 2006 PubMed